Could an Acne Vaccine Be a Breakthrough for Breakouts? Here’s What Doctors and Potential Users Think

There’s a beacon of hope for the millions who struggle with acne.

A new acne vaccine developed by researchers at UC San Diego is bringing hope to millions dealing with acne. The vaccine has shown effectiveness in reducing inflammation in mice and is anticipated to be accessible to the public in the next five to 10 years.

This targeted, innovative approach could revolutionise acne treatment by offering a more precise and less disruptive solution than current methods. A game-changer in the skincare field? Possibly.

As we delve deeper into this study and the legitimacy of an acne vaccine, we spoke to two experts, five Daily Vanity members, and five readers for their insights and opinions.

Meet the experts:

• Dr Yanni Xu, an aesthetic doctor at The Urban Clinic, graduated with the second-highest score in her year from King’s College London School of Medicine, winning both the silver medal and Todd’s award. Her interests include rosacea and sensitive skin, adult and hormonal acne, pigmentation, natural and graceful ageing of the face, and hair restoration.
• Dr Ang Sue May, a British-trained consultant dermatologist at SHINE Dermatology with over 17 years of medical experience, is registered as a skin specialist in Singapore and the United Kingdom. She also graduated from King’s College London School of Medicine and became a member of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP, London) in 2011. She specialises in skin cancer, acne and scars, and dermatological surgery.

How The Acne Vaccine Works

Researchers revealed in a study released in Nature Communications on December 5, 2023, that a particular enzyme produced by the common skin bacteria Cutibacterium acnes (C. acne) holds the key.

They found that there are two types of this enzyme: one that causes inflammation and acne, and another that combats inflammation.

The new vaccine is designed to specifically attack and deactivate the harmful strain, which is produced by the bacteria that cause acne while leaving the beneficial bacteria on the skin unaffected.

This has the potential to greatly decrease the occurrence of acne breakouts.

Dr Ang noted that the vaccine’s ability to leave the healthy bacterial enzyme intact suggests that it may not disrupt the balance of bacteria on the skin.

“This is important because the skin microbiome significantly protects against pathogens and maintains skin health. Preserving this balance could potentially reduce the risk of unintended consequences or negative impacts on skin health,” Dr Ang added.

“We’re working to develop a therapy that’s much more tailored toward exactly what we know causes acne, rather than just generically blocking inflammation,” said George Y. Liu, MD, PhD, professor and chief of the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at UC San Diego School of Medicine.

“We hope that by understanding how bacteria induce acne, we can come up with a single or combination vaccine that would take care of acne much more effectively than we can right now.”

Related read: 9 Social Media-approved Japanese Skincare Products for Acne-prone Skin

Insights From Experts

Do you think that the “acne vaccine” can potentially work for humans?

Dr Yanni: Currently, there is no approved vaccine for acne on the market, but research is ongoing. The primary focus of these efforts is targeting Cutibacterium acnes (formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes), a bacteria that plays a significant role in the development of acne.

It feeds on sebum (skin oil), leading to the production of fatty acids that can irritate the skin. It can also trigger an immune response, causing inflammation and the formation of acne lesions.

Dr Ang: Acne is a common skin condition, and an effective vaccine could offer significant relief to those who struggle with it.

While animal studies and early human trials are promising, it’s crucial to undergo rigorous testing to ensure safety and efficacy before widespread use in humans. If the vaccine proves successful in human trials, it could revolutionise acne treatment.

Based on the information provided, the concept of an acne vaccine targeting a specific variant of an enzyme produced by acne-associated bacteria sounds promising.

However, it’s important to note that further research and clinical trials are necessary to determine the safety, efficacy, and long-term effects of the acne vaccine in humans.

Additionally, individual responses to the vaccine may vary, and factors such as genetic predisposition, immune response, and other skin conditions could influence its effectiveness for different individuals.

The vaccine could be available to the public within the next five to 10 years. If it’s eventually released, would you recommend it to your patients?

Dr Yanni: The first phase of human trials typically focuses on safety and dosage and preliminary results have shown that the vaccine is safe and well-tolerated. There was an overall improvement in the appearance of the skin, with fewer breakouts and reduced severity of acne.

We are awaiting more extensive Phase III trials that are still required to ensure the vaccine’s efficacy and safety on a larger scale.

If these trials are successful, the vaccine could potentially be available on the market within a few to many years, but this timeline can vary depending on the results of the trials and regulatory approvals.

Dr Ang: If an acne vaccine were to become available to the public within the next five to 10 years, recommendations to patients would depend on several factors:

• Safety and efficacy: It would be crucial to assess the safety and efficacy of the vaccine through rigorous clinical trials. If the vaccine proves to be both safe and effective in reducing acne without significant side effects, it would certainly be worth considering.
• Individual patient needs: Acne is a complex condition with various causes and severity levels. The vaccine might be more suitable for some patients than others, depending on their specific circumstances, medical history, and preferences.
• Alternative treatments: I’d also consider the availability and effectiveness of alternative acne treatments. If existing treatments, such as topical creams, oral medications, or procedures like laser therapy, are already effective for a particular patient, the vaccine might not be necessary.
• Cost and accessibility: Factors such as cost and accessibility would also play a role. If the vaccine is affordable and accessible to most patients, it could be a valuable addition to acne treatment options.

If the acne vaccine proves to be safe, effective, and suitable for a patient’s individual needs, I would likely recommend it as a potential treatment option. However, it’s important to make decisions based on the best available evidence and in consultation with your dermatologist.

Related read: Are LED Pimple Patches the Upgraded Acne-Killer You Need or Just a Passing Fad?

What Are People Saying?

We asked the community if they would try the vaccine when it’s out and approved.

Out of the 10 people we spoke to (five DV members and five readers), one would definitely try the vaccine, seven would give it a go after doing ample research on the trials and results, and two wouldn’t opt for it at all.

“Definitely Will Try”

Swee Qi, who found the idea of finally finding something that could make a real difference exciting, shared: “Definitely! If the vaccine becomes accessible and is not too expensive, I’d be all for giving it a shot.

Dealing with acne for nearly two decades has been quite a journey for me, and I’ve tried countless medications, facial treatments, and skincare products, but nothing seems to offer a lasting solution. Plus, some of those come with their own set of side effects like extreme dry skin or flare-ups.

Although my skin has seen great improvement over the years, I’m still struggling with acne breakouts and it takes a real toll on my confidence and mental well-being. Battling through years of teasing and wrestling with self-esteem issues hasn’t been easy.

So, if there’s a vaccine out there that holds promise for tackling acne head-on, count me in.”

“Yes, but Only After More Research is Done”

Amongst the majority who were wary but not opposed to the idea of an acne vaccine, all of them noted the significance of proper tests being done, positive reviews, and potential side effects.

Catherine mentioned that a vaccine for acne sounds promising. “I would definitely consider trying it once it’s available and approved. Antibiotics aren’t a practical long-term solution, and I’ve been dealing with acne for a long time.

While I’d want to ensure it’s thoroughly tested (perhaps for at least five years), the potential benefits outweigh the risks for me,” she quipped.

Three of the readers mentioned how the probability of side effects would affect their decision.

“The prospect of an acne vaccine is intriguing, but a cautious approach is necessary. Our skin microbiome plays a crucial role in overall health, and disrupting the balance – even tipping the scales of C. acnes bacteria – could have unforeseen consequences,” said Jade.

Meanwhile, Cheryl shared that she would give the acne vaccine a go if there aren’t huge side effects and if consistent vaccination isn’t required.

Some were also cautious about how the acne vaccine may react with their own current products, medications, or conditions.

“With my eczema-prone skin, I’d need to understand how the vaccine might interact with this pre-existing condition. Ultimately, the decision would depend on a thorough evaluation of the vaccine’s safety and efficacy profile, particularly for those with complex skin concerns,” Jade explained.

This group also talked about needing to see good reviews of the acne vaccine and whether it can really “erase” all acne woes.

“No, Won’t Try”

One reader, Link, chose not to try the acne vaccine as he didn’t feel their acne problem was so dire that they needed a vaccine. However, he did say that he would try it only if it were free and would solve his acne issues entirely.

Another said that they’re not that bothered by their acne issues since they come and go.

“A vaccine would be an invasive method for treating zits and I’m not a fan of that. Plus, my skincare routine has been working well for years so I don’t really want to ‘disrupt the peace’ with a foreign substance,” Aria shared.

Related read: Will Acne Products Really Cause Cancer? Read This Before You Throw Them Out

Acne Vaccine or Acne Treatments?

Of course, before the possibility of an acne vaccine even surfaced, we always had facials and specialised treatments available to solve acne problems.

If given the opportunity (and money wasn’t in the equation), would you choose the vaccine over a slew of acne treatments that have been tried and tested for several years?

Rex, who has been battling severe acne issues for a couple of years, mentioned he hasn’t tried facials or other acne treatments before (just specific skincare and medication given by doctors).

“An acne vaccine seems better as it’d save a lot more time compared to treatments which probably take longer and require more maintenance,” he concluded.

Expanding on that notion, Jade shared, “The revolving door of dermatologist visits throughout my 20s has certainly been a financial burden. A vaccine could actually be a more cost-effective solution in the long run.

However, the frequency of vaccination would be a key factor. Regular boosters might negate the financial advantage compared to targeted facial treatments. I’m eager to see clinical data demonstrating the vaccine’s effectiveness for different acne types and its long-term safety profile!”

Meanwhile, Swee Qi noted that facials or acne treatments may only work for short-term improvement in the skin’s appearance and often need consistent upkeep.

“An acne vaccine targeting the root cause sounds promising and could potentially bring long-lasting or even permanent results. Given how persistent my acne struggles have been, the idea of a solution with lasting effects is more appealing to me,” she elaborated.

On the opposing end, Pei Ying would rather opt for non-invasive methods of treating acne as she fears complications may arise from injections.

Related read: Content Creator Used an Expired Acne Cream on Her Face – Here’s What Happened Next

Expert Advice on Managing Acne Issues

While there isn’t an acne vaccine available yet and research is progressing, Dr Yanni recommends sticking to a regular routine tailored to your skin type.

Additionally, you should see a doctor to manage your acne if the condition persists or worsens despite your best efforts.

Dr Ang mentioned that the “management of acne involves a combination of self-care practices, skincare routines, and sometimes medical treatments.”

@ariyanisity

types of acnes and its treatments 🍒✨️ #fyp #acnetreatment #acnetips

♬ Attention – 250 Remix – NewJeans

Here are some general tips from Dr Ang for patients suffering from acne:

• Cleanse gently: Use a gentle cleanser to wash your face twice daily, in the morning and evening, and after sweating. Avoid harsh scrubbing, which can irritate the skin and worsen acne.
• Use non-comedogenic products: Choose skincare and makeup products labelled as “non-comedogenic” or “oil-free” to avoid clogging pores.
• Moisturise: Even if you have oily skin, using a light, oil-free moisturiser can help keep your skin hydrated without exacerbating acne.
• Avoid touching your face: Touching your face can transfer bacteria and irritate the skin, leading to acne flare-ups. Try to keep your hands away from your face as much as possible.
• Limit makeup use: If you wear makeup, choose products labelled as non-comedogenic and remove makeup before bedtime to prevent pore clogging.
• Don’t squeeze pimples: Squeezing or picking at acne lesions can lead to scarring and further inflammation. Let pimples heal naturally or seek professional treatment.
• Manage stress: Stress can exacerbate acne for some people. To help manage stress levels, practice stress-reduction techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, or exercise.
• Eat a balanced diet: While diet isn’t the primary cause of acne, some people find that certain foods, such as dairy or high-glycemic-index foods, can worsen their acne. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can support overall skin health.
• Seek professional help: If over-the-counter treatments aren’t effective, consider seeing a dermatologist for prescription medications or other treatments tailored to your specific needs. Options may include topical retinoids, oral antibiotics, hormonal therapy (for hormonal acne in females), or procedures like chemical peels or laser therapy.

Of course, when dealing with acne, you have to be patient, as these treatments usually take time to show results!

Work closely with your dermatologists to develop a personalised treatment plan — if one treatment doesn’t work, don’t hesitate to discuss other options.

Featured image credit: Fig. 1 by University of California, Depositphotos, @songofskin/TikTok